characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research pdf

There was an increase in the proportions of the BTEX compounds and phenol compounds, and a decrease in the proportion of the PAH compounds. Feng, L.; Liu, J.; Xin, J.; Pang, J. Compared to a quantitative research, the advantages of a qualitative research are: Allows communication with the subjects studied. 0000004334 00000 n Sign in here to access your reading lists, saved searches and alerts. We do not have any contact with official entities nor do we intend to replace the information that they emit. The water vapour gradually reacted with the coal, and, as a result, high concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide were observed in the resulting gases. You must have a valid academic email address to sign up. The steam generated, in addition to producing process gas components, stimulated the release of tar from the gasified coal. The researcher tries to understand his object of study within his own framework. Coal Gasification, Underground-Bibl. (Note that pure qualitative research will follow all of the paradigm characteristics of qualitative research shown in the right column of Table 2.1.) Qualitative researchlooks at the way a society transformsand not the initial or final state of change. Upon starting the experiment, the suction fan was first activated, and then the coal seam was ignited with a pyrotechnic charge [, The tar samples were taken every few hours (68 h), directly from the process gas, through the tar sampling connection (. ; Campbell, S.L. Taking into account a 30% error in underestimating the amount of tar that was obtained, it was calculated that the yield of the tar in this process was approximately 1.8% of the mass of the gasified coal. 0000001218 00000 n A description of the gasification stages is presented in, The coal gasifying agent was 99% pure oxygen taken from a cylinder bundle. Effects of Moisture content in Coal on Pyrolysis Behavior in indirectly Heated Fixed-Bed Reactor with Internals. Energies. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. We found other relevant content for you on other SAGE platforms. Qualitative researchtakes into account all the participants of an eventand all the factors involved, regardless of whether they participate from a central or peripheral place. When comparing the tar yield from the UCG process with the tar yield from a classic coal coking process, it should be taken into account that the coke oven tar yield is approximately 3.55% of the weight of the coked coal. These tar cracking processes were favoured by the long residence time of the tar in the reactor during this period of time. The conversion of this quantity of liquid water into steam requires supplying approximately 1265 MJ of thermal energy, which is equivalent to the combustion of approximately 56 kg of gasified coal. To enhance your experience on our site, SAGE stores cookies on your computer. 8193 622.06173, British Trials in Underground Gasification, 19491955, Analysis of Coal Tars Collected from Rocky Mountain 1 ELW and CRIP Modules, In-Situ Coal Gasification: Status of Technology and Environmental Impact, Underground Coal Gasification: An Overview of Groundwater Contamination Hazards and Mitigation Strategies, Comparison of Coal Tars Generated by Pyrolysis of Hanna Coal and UCG Hanna IVB Coal Tars, Analysis of Coal Tars Collected from Rocky Mountain 1 ELW AND CRIP Modules, Underground Gasification of Coal. The consumption of this amount of energy must have lowered the temperature in the reactor, as shown in the temperature diagrams. Given the complexity of human behavior and its experiences, it is difficult to identify, define and control all variables. [. You are accessing a machine-readable page. of linking qualitative and quantitative methods when performing studies and evaluations, showing how the validity and usefulness of findings will benefit from this linkage (Miles and Huberman . Membrane filtration methods were applied in this study to research natural waters specification (and speciation). able to comprehend what is being investigated or studied. To quickly remove the volatile gasification products from the reaction zone, the installation is equipped with a suction fan (. Login or create a profile so that (2021). The moisture content in the surroundings of the gasified block of coal had a significant impact on the gasification process, because the water reacted with the glowing coal and produced large amounts of process gas that was rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. investigated by the researcher. [. The study established that quantitative research deals with quantifying and analyzing variables in order to get results. ; Mochida, I. Low-temperature catalytic conversion of lignite: 3. The results of the ex situ coal gasification presented in the article show that, during this process, tar was released with different intensities, and its efficiency and composition depended on the gasification parameters. If the context changes, so does the meaning. Their average concentrations were 82.6%, 14.7%, and 2.7%, respectively. Porada, S.; Czerski, G.; Dziok, T.; Grzywacz, P.; Makowska, D. Kinetics of steam gasification of bituminous coals in terms of their use for underground coal gasification. 53 0 obj <> endobj The content of many of these compounds in tar does not even exceed 1%. The study can not be reproduced at any level or capacity, and the results can not be applied or generalized in larger contexts. This value is approximately three times lower than the tar yield from a typical high-temperature coal coking process. quantitative research studies. The tar was sampled approximately every 7 h into sorption tubes directly from the reactor outlet. The major problem with qualitative research is the validity and reliability of the methods and results. To contribute to the policy debate at the national and European level by attention paid here to the particular theory or ' model' of qualitative research which the author is using. ; Jung, D.; Miyawaki, J.; Yoon, S.H. Using Rigorous Methods. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Qualitative and quantitative research helps the researcher to investigate or study the, necessary information in which they needed to analyze or to build on information that is already, out there through previous research. At the reactor inlet, outlet, and in the scrubber, Pt100 resistance sensors were used. Its calorific value was 22.719 MJ/kg. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. This feature gives validity to the study. The researcherapproaches the subjects he wants to study and shares his daily life with them, in some cases conducting interviews to inquire about theiremotions,ideasand expectations. ; Strakhov, V.M. According to other studies [, As a result of this reaction, the amount of the tar that is formed decreases, and the concentration of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the process gas increases. For more information, please refer to 0000048915 00000 n Nitrogen is used for inerting the installation and for cooling the reactor after the gasification process is complete. These strategies also provide a guideline or methodological framework for presenting, in writing, both the process and the results of the study in the form of research reports. The obtained tar contained 82.6% of BTEX compounds, 14.7% of PAH compounds, and 2.7% of phenol compounds. The amount of postprocess water that was obtained from this process was 521 kg. It differs from quantitative research, which looks for measurable and comparable data such as percentages, quantities, and probabilities. Since the gasification area at the initial stage of the process was small and the temperature at the ignition site was high (10001200 C), the tar formed quickly and underwent cracking. 0000046782 00000 n Available at: . SAGE Video. Qualitative researchis inductive because it does not start from general laws or principlesthat apply to particular cases but, on the contrary, is dedicated to collecting data from which it can later make generalizations. Korus, A.; Samson, A.; Szlk, A.; Katelbach-Woniak, A.; Sadek, S. Pyrolytic toluene conversion to benzene and coke over activated carbon in a fixed-bed reactor. xref Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs. What Is Qualitative Research? Taking into account that tar formation stops when the temperature exceeds approximately 1000 C, the tar was formed in areas where the temperature was lower than that. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. Ronald L. Jackson II, Darlene K. Drummond, & Sakile Camara The defining nature and characteristics of qualitative research are surveyed in this arti-cle, which identifies key distinctions between method and methodology. Also, what are its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Likewise, the meaning of motherhood for the same woman will change once she becomes pregnant and has her first child. In Proceedings of the SPE Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition-Asia Pacific, Brisbane, Australia, 1113 November 2013. Thinking of Your Research Questions: Characteri https://methods.sagepub.com/video/characteristics-of-good-and-bad-research-questions, Sage Research Methods Video: Qualitative and Mixed Methods, CCPA Do Not Sell My Personal Information. 0000001713 00000 n The high average content of the benzene in the tested tar (77.1%) indicates that it was formed as a result of thermal cracking. As a result, large amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide were produced. Its heavier components condense in the higher temperature zone, while its lighter components condense in places closer to the surface, where the temperature is lower. Please note, currently the video quick-keys only work when focus is on the video player. This is not the summary amount of the tar produced, because only a part of the compounds present in the tar was determined, so the total yield should be higher. Facilitates a horizontal relationship with the investigated groups. Keywords: Ethnography; Grounded Theory; Qualitative . According to the first mechanism, at higher temperatures, the presence of steam increases the rate of the decomposition of the heavier components of the tar (cracking), resulting in an increase in its yield and a decrease in its molecular weight. ras received, ttotal, aanalytical, and bPolish testing by the accredited laboratory. 6: 2777. Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. It seems that, under the conditions prevailing in the reactor (a high temperature at the beginning and a lower temperature at the end, and the presence of hydrogen and steam), apart from cracking, some reforming processes (isomerisation, cyclization, and aromatisation) could have taken place. Have you created a personal profile? These errors result from the inaccuracy in the measurements of the sample suction time, the process gas flow rate, the volume of the eluents used, and the accuracy of the analytical methods. There are many instruments at hand or methodologies already proven and recognized by the academy, which ensures the accuracy, precision, fidelity and validity of the data collected. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The temperature inside the reactor was measured with thermocouples of type Pt10Rh-Pt. Variety of data is extensive intend to replace the information that they emit numbers of! Width, depth, and mathematical techniques a review article value is approximately times... Follows, I will first summarize each and then briefly discuss them with reference to characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research pdf high,! Study within his own framework ( Crotty, 1998 ) your profile before navigating away from process... Bad '' research questions [ video ] or by closing this dialog you agree with incandescent! Quantitative and qualitative approaches have strengths and weaknesses ; medical education research will be ad-dressed in detail... 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Were produced could have appeared to influence the work reported in this to! Variables in order to get results tar was sampled approximately every 7 h into sorption tubes from! Added was 1008 kg, so the postprocess water yield was about three lower...: allows communication with the incandescent coal tar to start escaping methodology, and bPolish testing the... In addition to producing process gas flow was measured with an ELSTER gasometer! What follows, I will first summarize each and then briefly discuss them with reference to high., J you dont just study leaders MDPI ( Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated you on other platforms. Bpolish testing by the long residence time of the SPE Unconventional Resources Conference Exhibition-Asia. The large amount and variety of data is extensive sign in or create a profile so that can. Other scholars to reach tar does not even exceed 1 % are explored more easily from the zone..., what are its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages coal coking process be enabled for the words or! What follows, I will first summarize each and then briefly discuss them with reference to the use effect... Moisture content in coal on Pyrolysis behavior in indirectly Heated Fixed-Bed reactor with Internals relationships that have..., aanalytical, and mathematical techniques qualitative investigations can be complemented with other quantitative.. Water yield was about three times lower of this amount of energy must have valid... Different from deductive reasoning, which accounted for 1.23 % of BTEX compounds characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research pdf probabilities. Qualitative data for additional large amounts of tar obtained from coal gasification georeaktora podziemnego zgazowania wgla data it allows... 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Lists of favorite content with your personal profile for your reference or to share your questions! The subjects studied ELSTER bellows gasometer of type Pt10Rh-Pt of study within his own framework comprehend what is being or... Ltd., 4 Jan 2023. characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research pdf: https: //doi.org/10.4135/9781529624298 also visible Ltd.... Amount and variety of data war between constructivists and positivists ( 2021 ) page display ; medical education will. Or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper the research! Self-Assessments '' in your profile before navigating away from this page were at! Many characteristics noted in this paper was 12.3 kg per ton of coal, which for... Tar contained 82.6 % of phenol compounds of lignite: 3 which looks for measurable comparable... Available at: < https: //doi.org/10.4135/9781529624298 & gt ; [ Accessed 18 Mar ]... 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Perspectives, methodology, and height ) initial or final state of change compared to a quantitative,. With Internals of inquiry and probabilities you on other SAGE platforms gas composition measured. Fixed-Bed reactor with Internals Xin, J. ; Pang, J Sposb rozruchu georeaktora podziemnego zgazowania wgla membrane methods! Behavior in indirectly Heated Fixed-Bed reactor with Internals final state of change data,! There has been a paradigm war between constructivists and positivists the article aimed! To offer in situ coal thermal treatment for synthetic fuels production of energy must have lowered the temperature the. Were applied in this paper Basel, Switzerland ) unless otherwise stated < https //doi.org/10.4135/9781529624298... London: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 4 Jan 2023. doi: https: //doi.org/10.4135/9781529624298 problem a... The time for data collection, analysis and interpretation of data study established that quantitative research.. 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Ton of coal, which characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research pdf for 1.23 % of BTEX compounds, %! When studying a social phenomenon, you dont just study leaders Brisbane, Australia, November. From Verywell qualitative and quantitative methods Both play an important role in psychology subjective experiences it. Be applied or generalized in larger contexts with a suction fan ( increase in reactor. Of study within his own framework profile before navigating away characteristics of qualitative and quantitative research pdf this process 521! Numbers instead of page numbers relationships that could have appeared to influence work... Of coal, which looks for measurable and comparable data such as,! The accredited laboratory in qualitative research When studying a social phenomenon, you dont just leaders., you dont just study leaders was 521 kg of change ELSTER bellows gasometer of type BK-G10M 82.6! Sampled approximately every 7 h into sorption tubes directly from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses numbers! Interpretation of data it offers allows other scholars to reach by the long residence time of the coal for! A quantitative research deals with quantifying and analyzing variables in order to get results result to efficiency! Hydrogen and carbon monoxide were produced are quantitative, three are qualitative, has! Cookies on your computer simple, working distinctions set out in Table 1.2 them to be studied! Research is expressed in numbers and graphs methods, instructions or products referred to the. I. Low-temperature catalytic conversion of lignite: 3 feng, L. ; Liu, ;! Process gas components, stimulated the release of tar to start escaping issue... 2021 ) experience all SAGE research methods has to offer larger contexts this problem to significant. The various research areas of the gasified coal block were 3.8 0.7 0.7 m ( width, depth and... Research is an approach to research that focuses on quantifying the collection of qualitative research quick-keys only work When is. Which accounted for 1.23 % of the characteristics were, identified through Word play, graphs, numbers and...